VisArt: Jurnal Seni Rupa dan Design

Visualisasi Nilai-Nilai Insight Unlimited Melalui Eksplorasi Teknik Crochet Dalam Window Display

2025-12-12T04:38:24+00:00

This study investigates the use of Crochet fiber art in window display s as a medium for visual storytelling and spiritual expression, analyzed through Roland Barthes’ semiotics. Focusing on Insight Unlimited’s retail installation, it explores how handmade textures act as signifiers that convey deeper meanings of community, faith, and sustainability. Using qualitative methods including expert interviews, case studies such as Hermès displays, and material experiments with bobble stitches and yarn painting the research reveals how crochet’s tactile nature naturalizes ideological messages, aligning with Barthes’ concept of myth. Viewers often interpret these displays beyond commercial intent, perceiving them as critiques of fast fashion or as spiritual reflections. The final 2m × 1m display at Kota Kasablanka Mall exemplifies how craft can challenge the norms of visual merchandising. The study contributes to semiotic analysis in retail design, integrates faith-driven design approaches, and highlights slow fashion aesthetics in commercial environments.

Penerapan Media Promosi Umkm Fataya Ecoprint

2025-12-12T04:37:25+00:00

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have tremendous importance in the Indonesian economy. Although MSMEs have shown their role in the national economy, there are obstacles when they try to grow which is influenced by the absence of promotional media channels in marketing products, resulting in a decrease in sales. Fataya ecoprint MSMEs have problems regarding the promotional needs of Fataya ecoprint. This research aims to design promotional media for Fataya ecoprint MSMEs that present the value of Fataya ecoprint which has the concept of Be ur self be natural, so that it can change the perception of consumers by utilizing social media, it is hoped that Fataya ecoprint MSMEs can reach a wider market, increase sales, and strengthen brand image in the community. The design of promotional media for Fataya ecoprint MSMEs uses data collection methods in the form of observations, interviews, and online questionnaires and the data analysis methods used are SWOT and USP analysis with the target audience covering all people inside and outside Sijunjung. The results of this design are in the form of Social Media Content and Audio Visual, with supporting media in the form of Posters, X-Banners, Flyers, Stickers, and Catalogs.

Penerapan Buku Ilustrasi Mengenai Saham Sebagai Media Edukasi Untuk Dewasa Muda

2025-12-12T06:26:57+00:00

Financial literacy among young adults remains relatively low, particularly in understanding stock investment as an important instrument for achieving long-term financial independence. The lack of accessible and engaging educational resources often leads individuals aged 18–25 to fall into misleading information, make speculative decisions, or become influenced by instant investment schemes. This study aims to design an illustrated book about stocks as an educational medium that is not only visually attractive but also able to present complex financial information in a simple and understandable manner. A descriptive qualitative method was employed through interviews with stock experts and illustrators as well as literature studies related to financial literacy, visual education, and creative learning media. The design results show that the use of illustrations, clear typography, and storytelling techniques effectively simplify stock concepts while increasing young readers’ interest. The book also provides practical guidance on wise investment strategies, risk awareness, and the development of a long-term financial mindset. Therefore, this illustrated book is expected to improve financial literacy and encourage young adults to begin investing with better knowledge and confidence.

Penerapan Buku Interaktif Sebagai Media Literasi Emosi Pengelolaan Rasa Khawatir Anak

2025-12-12T07:59:11+00:00

Feelings of worry are a universal human experience, and this is no different for children. While a normal part of development, excessive and prolonged anxiety can become a significant threat to a child's mental well-being and development. Therefore, it is of foundational importance to provide emotional literacy from an early age, empowering children to recognize and manage their worries, which in turn can reduce the likelihood of developing more severe anxiety disorders later in life. This study aims to address this critical need by designing a children's book that effectively helps children cope with feelings of worry. The book’s core methodology is based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) techniques, which are adapted to be accessible and engaging for a young audience. To ensure the content is both psychologically sound and artistically effective, the research employs a descriptive qualitative method. This approach involves an extensive literature review to gain a deeper understanding of the depiction of worry, complemented by in-depth interviews with experts in the fields of child psychology and children's book illustration. The results of this comprehensive research were then systematically synthesized to form the evidence-based foundation for the book, titled “A Little Book About Big Worries.”

Media Buku Ilustrasi Permainan Tradisional Congklak Di Indonesia

2025-12-12T09:54:28+00:00

The traditional game of congklak, which has existed for generations, is an important part of Indonesia’s cultural heritage that must be preserved, despite the dominance of digital games today. The aim of this study is to create an illustrated book using pop-up techniques with congklak as its central theme. This book serves as an interactive and enjoyable educational medium. The research method employed is a qualitative approach, including observation of pop-up books, interviews with cultural preservationists and pop-up book illustrators, as well as a literature review of congklak variations from different regions of Indonesia. The book aims to introduce children to the diversity of congklak games across the country, explain how the game is played, and encourage them to understand the positive values embedded in the game. Through a visually engaging approach, featuring bright colors, simple character designs, and child-friendly fonts, this book functions not only as a source of entertainment but also as a cultural preservation tool. It helps shape children's character through the values of sportsmanship, togetherness, and honesty found in the game of congklak. It is hoped that this pop-up book will serve as a starting point for cultural preservation in a more modern and educational way

Penerapan Kampanye Edukasi Perilaku Konsumtif Remaja Usia 17-21 Tahun Melalui Media Sosial

2025-12-12T09:22:50+00:00

In Indonesia, the use of social media has grown rapidly and become a digital era. One of the phenomena that emerged as a result of the rapid development of social media is consumer behavior that encourages teenagers to shop excessively or without planning. In this study, the method used was a qualitative method with data collection through observation, interviews, and literature studies. The results of the study showed that consumer behavior among teenagers is greatly influenced by social factors and digital media. This social education campaign was able to increase adolescent awareness of the impact of consumer behavior and encourage the development of wiser and more responsible consumption habits. Through this campaign media, it is hoped that it will be able to provide education with the aim of reducing consumer behavior for teenagers aged 17-21 years through social media

Penerapan Animasi 2d Tentang Kebiasaan Menunda Tugas Di Kalangan Mahasiswa

2025-12-12T15:13:25+00:00

The habit of delaying assignments, or procrastination, is a common behavior frequently found among university students, and it can negatively affect both their academic performance and psychological well-being. Factors such as poor time management, fear of failure, and low motivation are the main causes of this behavior. This study aims to design a 2D animation as an educational medium that visually and engagingly illustrates the negative impacts of procrastination. The methods employed include observation, interviews, and literature review, with a focus on developing the concept and character design of the animation. The 2D animation is created without dialogue. In a surrealist style, the world around the main character undergoes distortion, with people transforming into clock-headed figures, symbolizing growing anxiety and fear. The storytelling of this animation is reflected through the journey of the main character, who becomes increasingly trapped in a cycle of procrastination, as the environment and surrounding characters transform in line with the emotions and pressures he experiences. It is expected that this animation can raise students’ awareness of the consequences of procrastination and encourage them to improve their time management

Pembelajaran Pendidikan Karakter Di Sekolah Minggu Gereja Toraja (SMGT) Jemaat Rantepangli

2025-12-12T16:28:47+00:00

This study aims to describe the character education values contained in the lyrics of Sunday School songs at the Toraja Church Sunday School (SMGT) of the Rantepangli Congregation and describe the implementation of Sunday School songs to improve character education at the Toraja Church Sunday School (SMGT) of the Rantepangli Congregation. The type of research used in this study is descriptive and document analysis method. Descriptive method can be interpreted as a method used to describe or analyze a research result but is not used to make broader conclusions. The analysis method used is descriptive analysis, because it aims to describe the image and form of the song with the meaning and values contained in the song. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. From this study, data was obtained that there are several songs used in the Sunday School inadah that contain character education values. such as; (1) The song “S’gala Puji Syukur”. (2) The song “Aku Anak Terang”. (3) The song “ Mari Kerja Sama-sama”. (4) The song “Aku Senang Jadi Anak Tuhan”. (5) The song “Lima Jari Kananku”. (6) The song “Indonesia Negaraku”. (7) The song “Baca Kitab Suci”. (8) The song Ku Kasihi Kau dengan Kasih Tuhan”. (9) The song “Kasihi Musuhmu”. Sunday School songs are taught to children during regular Sunday worship services. Teachers serve as role models in teaching the songs. In this process, Sunday School teachers utilize technology such as LCD monitors and loudspeakers to facilitate children's understanding of the songs. The repetitive use of songs can help children understand the values contained within the songs, particularly the character education values that are beneficial for child development.

Strategi Promosi Kerajinan Besi Di Desa Limbang Jaya Kabupaten Ogan Ilir Sumatera Selatan

2025-12-13T12:47:29+00:00

Indonesia is renowned for its cultural diversity, with each region preserving significant historical and artistic values. Limbang Jaya Village in Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra, is one of the regions that maintains a unique tradition of iron craftsmanship. Known locally as Pandai Besi (blacksmiths), these craftsmen create ironworks that not only serve practical purposes in daily life but also reflect cultural and artistic heritage passed down through generations. However, despite its cultural significance, this traditional craft remains relatively unknown to wider audiences, particularly outside its local community. This study focuses on the design of visual communication strategies to promote the iron craftsmanship of Limbang Jaya Village. The design process involved field observations, direct interviews with local blacksmiths, and a review of literature on branding strategies for traditional crafts. The aim is to develop promotional media that effectively introduces the craft, enhances public appreciation of its artistic and cultural values, and expands its market reach. The expected outcomes of this design project include greater exposure of Limbang Jaya’s iron craftsmanship, increased recognition of its cultural value, and contributions to local economic development, ultimately improving the welfare of the blacksmiths in the community

Strategi Komunikasi Visual Kemasan Kain Gambo Khas Musi Banyuasin

2025-12-14T04:03:32+00:00

Gambo cloth is one of the unique cultural heritages from Musi Banyuasin, South Sumatra, which holds high historical, cultural, and aesthetic value. Despite its exceptional quality and uniqueness, the marketing of gambo cloth still faces various challenges, one of which is packaging that is less attractive and not aligned with the development of the modern market. Ineffective packaging can reduce consumer appeal and influence perceptions of product quality. Therefore, appropriate packaging is very important to introduce gambo cloth more widely and increase its marketability. This design aims to create gambo cloth packaging that not only functions as product protection but also serves as an effective promotional tool to showcase the culture and beauty of gambo cloth. The outcome of this design is expected to contribute to the preservation of gambo cloth culture, as well as to increase understanding and appreciation of this product. With proper packaging, gambo cloth can be more easily introduced to the public. In addition, it is expected that this packaging design will also boost purchase interest, create brand awareness, and support the sustainability of the gambo cloth craft industry in Musi Banyuasin

Pengembangan Buku Pop Up Pengenalan Rumah Ulu Ogan Sebagai Media Edukasi Bagi Anak Sekolah Dasar

2025-12-16T01:23:55+00:00

Rumah Ulu Ogan is one of the traditional houses of South Sumatra that holds significant historical and cultural value. However, the lack of engaging educational media for elementary school children has led to a decline in knowledge about Rumah Ulu. This study aims to design an interactive pop-up book as an educational tool for first to third-grade students in Palembang, enabling them to better understand the shape, function, and uniqueness of Rumah Ulu Ogan. The design process includes literature review, observation, and analysis of the learning needs of young students. A pop-up book was chosen for its ability to offer a more engaging visual and sensory experience compared to conventional books. The outcome of this design is expected to enhance children’s interest in learning while effectively introducing local culture

Buku Interaktif Sebagai Media Komunikasi Pengenalan Tari Gending Sriwijaya Untuk Anak Usia 6-12 Tahun Di Kota Palembang

2025-12-14T06:22:46+00:00

Gending Sriwijaya Dance is one of the intangible cultural heritages of South Sumatra, rich in meaning and historical value. However, a lack of interest and the absence of engaging and age-appropriate media have led to a decline in the introduction of this traditional dance to younger generations. This design project aims to introduce the Gending Sriwijaya Dance to children aged 6-12 in Palembang through an interactive children’s storybook. The methods used include observation, interviews with elementary school students, and literature studies to explore appropriate content and visual approaches. The book is designed with expressive illustrations, easy-to-understand narratives, and interactive activities that can stimulate children's interest in local culture. The resulting book is expected to serve as an enjoyable alternative medium to help introduce and instill a love for regional culture from an early age, as well as a part of cultural preservation strategies through a visual approach that is adaptive to the times and children’s developmental needs

Strategi Edukasi Sejarah Lokal Melalui Animasi Interaktif Museum Fatahillah Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Minat Generasi Muda

2025-12-14T06:59:45+00:00

The Fatahillah Museum, located in Kota Tua, Jakarta, is a historical landmark that was originally built as the town hall during the era of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). Today, it serves as a museum that preserves and displays important historical artifacts from Batavia’s colonial past. Despite its rich cultural and historical value, the museum faces low engagement from the younger generation, who often perceive historical sites as outdated or irrelevant. This study aims to explore effective ways to increase youth interest and appreciation for the Fatahillah Museum and its historical significance. To achieve this, the study utilizes a qualitative research method, including direct observation, in depth interviews, and literature review. Findings indicate that the use of animation featuring engaging visual styles, narrative storytelling, and accessible language can significantly enhance the delivery of historical content. The combination of educational messages and creative visuals helps bridge the gap between traditional history and contemporary youth culture. In conclusion, animation proves to be a promising medium to make learning about cultural heritage more appealing, interactive, and relatable to the younger generation

Efektivitas Metode Kerja Kelompok Pada Pembelajaran Seni Budaya Plat Logam Khusus Sma Negeri 7 Wajo

2025-12-14T12:05:57+00:00

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the group work method in increasing students’ active participation in Cultural Arts learning, specifically on the metal plate material at SMAN 7 Wajo, as well as to identify the obstacles faced by students during the group work process. The background of this research is based on the phenomenon of students’ lack of active involvement in group work activities, where most students tend to be passive and rely on a few dominant members. This condition leads to unequal contributions within groups and has an impact on the low achievement of overall learning objectives. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The results indicate that the group work method has the potential to enhance students’ active participation; however, its effectiveness is highly dependent on teachers’ mentoring strategies, the management of group dynamics, as well as individual motivation and responsibility within the group. The obstacles encountered include low learning motivation, a lack of awareness of the importance of cooperation, and unequal task distribution

Perancangan Video Musik “Menit Tambahan” oleh Band Lomba Sihir Berbasis Animasi

2025-12-14T12:43:19+00:00

The visual profile of a band is a way of communication that supports their listeners’ listening experience. This study aims to make an animated music video for “Menit Tambahan” by Lomba Sihir to expand the song’s idea through the animated music video visuals and as a promotional tool. This study uses the qualitative method through observing animation videos and animated music videos, also through interviews with the creative director for the song “Menit Tambahan” and a director of an animated music video. The result shows that the music video for “Menit Tambahan” by Lomba Sihir can be an example of visual exploration based on animation that enriches artistic values and promotion from a body of work. Visual approach employed takes into account illustration style, color selection, movement rhythm, and synchronization between animation and music in order to create a strong unity of message. Through this design, the animated music video is expected not only to function as an aesthetic complement, but also as a visual communication medium capable of expanding audience reach, strengthening the band’s visual identity, and enhancing the appeal and interpretation of the song “Menit Tambahan”

Ikan Arwana Sebagai Ide Penciptaan Ukir Relif Kayu

2025-12-15T01:23:18+00:00

This research discusses the process of creating a wood craft artwork with the theme of arowana fish as the main inspiration. The arowana fish was chosen for its distinctive visual form, such as its calm movement, shiny scales, and fan-shaped tail, as well as its meaning in Asian culture as a symbol of prosperity and good fortune. The process of creating this work uses the methods of exploration, design, and realization. The exploration stage involved direct observation of the arowana fish to understand its shape and movements, which were then translated into sketches. The design stage includes selecting the final design and transferring the sketch to surian wood as the main media. In the realization stage, relief carving techniques are applied to produce three-dimensional works with visual depth. The main material used is surian wood, chosen for its strength and beauty of grain, supported by finishing materials such as impra and biopolis to emphasize the texture of the wood. The process involves drawing, cutting, shaping and punching tools to create precise works. The final artwork serves not only as an aesthetic object, but also as a medium of expression and education, highlighting the aesthetic, symbolic and philosophical values of arowana fish. This work represents a combination of high craftsmanship and exploration of cultural values through craft

Lebah Madu Sebagai Motif Pada Karya Seni Kulit Dua Dimensi

2025-12-15T03:30:26+00:00

The creation of this two-dimensional leather craft work takes the form of a wall decoration inspired by the object of the honeybee, entitled “Hard Work Leads to Results.” This artwork depicts the activity of bees in collecting food in the form of pollen from flowers, which is then processed into sweet honey. The bees’ activity is interpreted as a symbol of human perseverance and hard work in living life and carrying out one’s occupation, while the sweetness of honey represents the results or rewards obtained from such hard work, such as enjoying the outcomes of effort and the income earned. In its creation process, this two-dimensional leather craft work employs three stages of creation: the exploration stage, which involves searching for and developing sources of ideas; the design stage, which produces sketches and design concepts; and the realization stage, which transforms the concept into a finished leather artwork. The final work consists of a single piece made from vegetable-tanned leather, measuring 54 cm in width and 74 cm in height. The technique applied is the embossed carving technique (tatah timbul), which serves to highlight the motifs and strengthen the visual character of the leather craft. The final finishing stage uses glazing paint to create a more vivid visual impression, emphasize details, and enhance the overall aesthetic value of the artwork

Strategi Kampanye Komersil Untuk Mempromosikan Perawatan Kulit Pemuda Laki-Laki Melalui Merek Kahf

2025-12-15T16:08:59+00:00

Awareness among Indonesian youth regarding proper facial cleansing habits remains relatively low, even though interest in skincare has increased over the past decade. This design project aims to convey messages about skin hygiene to young people by featuring the Kahf Oil and Acne Care product line to encourage a better understanding of skincare among males aged 15–23 years. The methodology employs both qualitative and quantitative approaches, including interviews with experts in communication, design, and skin health, as well as a survey of 112 young male respondents. The campaign, titled KahfBOYS, is designed with communicative visuals, a casual tone of language, and storytelling and illustration approaches that are relevant to the everyday lives of teenage boys. The campaign media are applied across various forms of visual communication to enhance the effectiveness of message delivery. This campaign is expected to build awareness that maintaining skin cleanliness is not merely a temporary trend, but an integral part of a healthy lifestyle, and to eliminate the stigma that skincare is only intended for women

Motif Tato Sebagai Ide Penciptaan Seni Grafis

2025-12-15T16:46:07+00:00

The creative work in graphic art is grounded in the rapid development of graphic art as a branch of visual art that continues to advance in both technical execution and visual approach. The growth of printing technologies both manual and digital has opened up broader opportunities for the realization of visual concepts rooted in diverse cultural traditions. One such rich visual and symbolic source is Japanese tattoo art (Irezumi), which historically and philosophically embodies values such as courage, resilience, harmony, and the cycle of life and death. Motifs such as koi fish, dragons, cherry blossoms, and phoenixes are characterized by bold outlines, soft gradients, and dense compositions, making them highly adaptable to the medium of graphic art. The objective of this creative project is to explain the visual characteristics and symbolic meanings of Japanese tattoo motifs as the conceptual basis for the creation of two-dimensional graphic artworks; to apply their aesthetic and philosophical values within a contemporary visual context; and to implement these motifs using appropriate visual strategies and printing techniques. The creative process involved digital design methods and the use of Direct to Film (DTF) printing technology on fabric media, enabling accurate and practical visual application. Theoretical studies supporting this work include analyses of Japanese tattoo symbolism, principles of graphic design, and the cultural values underlying the selection and adaptation of these motifs. The resulting works, including Up and Down and Dragon and Tiger, present visual interpretations of life’s dualities and the balance between spiritual and worldly forces. The outcomes demonstrate that the implementation of Japanese tattoo motifs in graphic art not only enriches contemporary visual expression but also serves as a medium for preserving and recontextualizing traditional cultural values in a relevant and meaningful visual form

Pendekatan Alternatif Animasi 2d Dalam Media Edukatif Peningkatan Pariwisata Kota Tua Kali Besar Barat

2025-12-15T17:38:30+00:00

Kali Besar, an important port in the colonial era in Kota Tua, preserves a rich history with a variety of social, economic, and cultural transformations. However, the history of Kali Besar Barat is still less known to modern society. Through an interesting visual and educational approach, the project depicts historical buildings on Kali Besar Barat, as well as a chronological explanation of the history of the transitional functions of each building. The methods used included live observations, interviews with historians and animator, as well as literary studies. The result of this research is an interesting and educational 2D animation that is expected to introduce Kali Besar Barat to the public, especially young adults, and contribute to the development of animation-based educational media. In addition to serving as a learning medium, this 2D animation is expected to increase public awareness of the importance of preserving historical areas in Jakarta’s Old Town. By integrating accurate historical data with clear and engaging visual presentation, this project seeks to present historical narratives that are easy to understand and relevant to contemporary contexts, thereby offering an effective and sustainable alternative medium for history education.

Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Dalam Kesenian Dusun Lantaboko

2025-12-22T02:31:55+00:00

This study aims to describe and analyze the representation of character education values in traditional art performances in Dusun Lantaboko, Bontokassi Village, Parangloe District, Gowa Regency. The art form examined is gambus music, which, as one of the traditional arts of the Makassar community, serves a broader function than mere entertainment. It acts as a medium for conveying moral messages, a space for social interaction, and a means of character formation rooted in local wisdom. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with gambus performers and community leaders, and documentation of performances. The findings reveal that gambus art in Dusun Lantaboko embodies four main representations of character education values: (1) honesty, reflected in the spontaneity of the lyrics, openness of expression, and alignment of moral messages with social realities; (2) responsibility, manifested in the performers’ commitment to preserving the tradition, discipline in performance, and the community’s awareness of its collective role in cultural preservation; (3) creativity, evident in lyrical improvisation, originality of ideas, and the use of simple artistic tools as supporting instruments; and (4) mutual cooperation, expressed through community collaboration in preparing performances, voluntary social participation, and collective, non-formal patterns of cultural transmission

Strategi Visual Animasi 2d Sebagai Media Edukasi Aksi Bersih Di Sungai Ciliwung

2025-12-23T01:40:51+00:00

The Ciliwung River is a major waterway in Jakarta that has been heavily polluted due to indiscriminate waste disposal. This pollution damages ecosystems, triggers flooding, and reduces the quality of life of surrounding communities. The recurring pollution of the Ciliwung River indicates that technical mitigation efforts alone are insufficient without the development of environmental awareness from an early age. Children, as the next generation, play a strategic role in fostering sustainable pro-environmental behavior. The urgency of this research lies in the need for effective, communicative, and child-appropriate visual educational media, so that messages about river conservation can be received, understood, and applied in daily life. This study aims to design an educational 2D animation for children aged 8–12 years to increase awareness of the importance of maintaining river cleanliness. A qualitative approach is employed through interviews with World Cleanup Day Indonesia and residents living around the Ciliwung River, as well as a literature review on pollution and river cleanup efforts. The results will be developed into an animation featuring emotional storytelling, engaging visuals, and easily understood messages to encourage children to stop littering in rivers and actively participate in keeping them clean. It is expected that this animation will serve as an impactful educational medium for the environment and society.

Permainan Papan Sebagai Media Peningkatan Kesadaran Generasi Z Terhadap Pelestarian Artefak Majapahit

2025-12-23T02:24:39+00:00

The Majapahit Kingdom left a wide range of artifacts that represent the height of its civilization and serve as important sources for understanding Indonesian culture and identity. However, Generation Z’s interest in Majapahit history remains relatively low, as history education is often delivered through conventional methods that feel distant and unengaging. In contrast, younger learners tend to prefer interactive learning media that encourage active participation. This study proposes the design of an educational board game themed around the preservation of Majapahit artifacts as an alternative learning medium. A board game is chosen for its ability to foster face-to-face interaction, encourage collaboration, and create an enjoyable learning experience. The game design applies fundamental board game principles, including mechanics, narrative, and visual elements, to effectively convey historical content. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection is conducted through interviews with expert informants, observation of existing history-themed board games, and a literature review on Majapahit history and game-based learning. By integrating educational and entertainment elements, this board game is expected to increase Generation Z’s awareness of the importance of preserving Majapahit historical artifacts while making history learning more relevant and engaging.